Higher-Risk Pain Treatments References
General:
American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria® Update Expert Panel (2019). American Geriatrics Society 2019 Updated AGS Beers Criteria® for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67(4), 674–694. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15767
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality [AHRQ]. (2020). Nonopioid pharmacologic treatments for chronic pain. https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/nonopioid-chronic-pain.pdf
Bussières, A., Cancelliere, C., Ammendolia, C., Comer, C. M., Zoubi, F. A., Châtillon, C. E., … Ornelas, J. (2021). Non-Surgical Interventions for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Leading To Neurogenic Claudication: A Clinical Practice Guideline. The journal of pain, 22(9), 1015–1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2021.03.147
Chou R, Griffin JC, Blazina I, Schwarz E, Atchison C, Mauer K. (2022) Systematic Review on Treatments for Acute Pain: Surveillance Report 2. (Prepared by the Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 75Q80120D00005.) AHRQ Publication No. 22-EHC022. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; March 2022.
Chou R, Hartung D, Turner J, et al. (2022) Opioid treatments for chronic pain. Comparative effectiveness review # 229. AHRQ Publication No. 20-EHC011. Systematic Review on Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain: Surveillance Report 3, Accessed 7/21/22.
Lambourg, E., Colvin, L., Guthrie, G., Walker, H., & Bell, S. (2022). Analgesic use and associated adverse events in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British journal of anaesthesia, 128(3), 546–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2021.08.035
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022) Adult Cancer Pain Guidelines. V2.2022 Updated June 27, 2022 (Free registration required.) Accessed online 7/21/22 pain.pdf (nccn.org)
Price, R., Smith, D., Franklin, G., Gronseth, G., Pignone, M., David, W. S., … & Callaghan, B. C. (2022). Oral and Topical Treatment of Painful Diabetic Polyneuropathy: Practice Guideline Update Summary: Report of the AAN Guideline Subcommittee. Neurology, 98(1), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000013038
Selph S, McDonagh M, Pappas M, Hart E, Dana T, Mauer K, Chou R. Systematic Review on Nonopioid Pharmacologic Treatments for Chronic Pain: Surveillance Report 3. (Prepared by the Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 75Q80120D00006.)
Song, D., He, A., Xu, R., Xiu, X., & Wei, Y. (2018). Efficacy of Pain Relief in Different Postherpetic Neuralgia Therapies: A Network Meta-Analysis. Pain physician, 21(1), 19–32.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2019, May). Pain Management Best Practices Inter-Agency Task Force Report: Updates, Gaps, Inconsistencies, and Recommendations. Retrieved from U. S. Department of Health and Human Services website: https://www.hhs.gov/ash/advisory-committees/pain/reports/index.html
Acetaminophen:
Agrawal, S., & Khazaeni, B. (2022). Acetaminophen Toxicity. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
Hopkins, A. G., Spiller, H. A., Kistamgari, S., Zhu, M., Michaels, N. L., Funk, A. R., & Smith, G. A. (2020). Suicide-related over-the-counter analgesic exposures reported to United States poison control centers, 2000-2018. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 29(9), 1011–1021. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.4997
Jaeschke, H. (2015). Acetaminophen: Dose-dependent drug hepatotoxicity and acute liver failure in patients. Digestive Diseases, 33(4), p. 464-471. https://doi.org/10.1159/000374090
Kanchanasurakit, S., Arsu, A., Siriplabpla, W., Duangjai, A., & Saokaew, S. (2020). Acetaminophen use and risk of renal impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Kidney research and clinical practice, 39(1), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.23876/j.krcp.19.106
Quirk, K., & Smith, M. A. (2020). Acetaminophen in Patients Receiving Strong Opioids for Cancer Pain. Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy, 34(4), 197–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/15360288.2020.1784355
Schreijenberg, M., Lin, C. C., Mclachlan, A. J., Williams, C. M., Kamper, S. J., Koes, B. W., Maher, C. G., & Billot, L. (2019). Paracetamol is ineffective for acute low back pain even for patients who comply with treatment: complier average causal effect analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Pain, 160(12), 2848–2854. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001685
NSAID:
Busse, J. W., Sadeghirad, B., Oparin, Y., Chen, E., Goshua, A., May, C., … Guyatt, G. H. (2020). Management of Acute Pain From Non-Low Back, Musculoskeletal Injuries : A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. Annals of internal medicine, 173(9), 730–738. https://doi.org/10.7326/M19-3601
Hwang, A. Y., & Smith, S. M. (2021). U.S. trends in prescription nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use among patients with cardiovascular disease, 1988-2016. Pharmacotherapy, 41(3), 247–256. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.2488
Kolasinski, S. L., Neogi, T., Hochberg, M. C., Oatis, C., Guyatt, G., Block, J., … Reston, J. (2020). 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Hip, and Knee. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 72(2), 220–233. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.41142
Magee, D. J., Jhanji, S., Poulogiannis, G., Farquhar-Smith, P., & Brown, M. (2019). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and pain in cancer patients: a systematic review and reappraisal of the evidence. British journal of anaesthesia, 123(2), e412–e423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2019.02.028
Nissen, S. E., Yeomans, N. D., Solomon, D. H., Lüscher, T. F., Libby, P., Husni, M. E., … & PRECISION Trial Investigators (2016). Cardiovascular Safety of Celecoxib, Naproxen, or Ibuprofen for Arthritis. The New England journal of medicine, 375(26), 2519–2529. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1611593
Sheth, K. R., Bernthal, N. M., Ho, H. S., Bergese, S. D., Apfel, C. C., Stoicea, N., & Jahr, J. S. (2020). Perioperative bleeding and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: An evidence-based literature review, and current clinical appraisal. Medicine, 99(31), e20042. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000020042
Solomon, D. H., Shao, M., Wolski, K., Nissen, S., Husni, M. E., & Paynter, N. (2019). Derivation and Validation of a Major Toxicity Risk Score Among Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Users Based on Data From a Randomized Controlled Trial. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 71(8), 1225–1231. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.40870
Wan, E., Yu, E., Chan, L., Mok, A., Wang, Y., Chan, E., Wong, I., & Lam, C. (2021). Comparative Risks of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on CKD. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 16(6), 898–907. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.18501120
Antidepressants
Altiparmak, B., Güzel, Ç., & Gümüş Demirbilek, S. (2018). Comparison of Preoperative Administration of Pregabalin and Duloxetine on Cognitive Functions and Pain Management After Spinal Surgery: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study. The Clinical journal of pain, 34(12), 1114–1120. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000640
Cao, Y., Zhou, M., Guo, H., & Zhu, W. (2022). Associations of Antidepressants With Atrial Fibrillation and Ventricular Arrhythmias: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9, 840452. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.840452
de Farias, Á. D., Eberle, L., Amador, T. A., & da Silva Dal Pizzol, T. (2020). Comparing the efficacy and safety of duloxetine and amitriptyline in the treatment of fibromyalgia: overview of systematic reviews. Advances in rheumatology (London, England), 60(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-020-00137-5
Falk, J., Thomas, B., Kirkwood, J., Korownyk, C. S., Lindblad, A. J., Ton, J., … & Perry, D. (2021). PEER systematic review of randomized controlled trials: Management of chronic neuropathic pain in primary care. Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien, 67(5), e130–e140. https://doi.org/10.46747/cfp.6705e130
Moisset, X., Pagé, M. G., Pereira, B., & Choinière, M. (2022). Pharmacological treatments of neuropathic pain: real-life comparisons using propensity score matching. Pain, 163(5), 964–974. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002461
Spina, E., Barbieri, M. A., Cicala, G., Bruno, A., & de Leon, J. (2020). Clinically relevant drug interactions between newer antidepressants and oral anticoagulants. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology, 16(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/17425255.2020.1700952
Anticonvulsants
Evoy, K. E., Sadrameli, S., Contreras, J., Covvey, J. R., Peckham, A. M., & Morrison, M. D. (2021). Abuse and Misuse of Pregabalin and Gabapentin: A Systematic Review Update. Drugs, 81(1), 125–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-020-01432-7
FDA (2019) FDA warns about serious breathing problems with seizure and nerve pain medicines gabapentin (Neurontin, Gralise, Horizant) and pregabalin (Lyrica, Lyrica CR) Accessed 7/21/22
Kapustin, D., Bhatia, A., McParland, A., Trivedi, A., Davidson, A., Brull, R., & Singh, M. (2020). Evaluating the impact of gabapentinoids on sleep health in patients with chronic neuropathic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain, 161(3), 476–490. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001743
Khan, N. F., Bykov, K., Glynn, R. J., Barnett, M. L., & Gagne, J. J. (2021). Coprescription of Opioids With Other Medications and Risk of Opioid Overdose. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 110(4), 1011–1017. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.2314
Mattson, C. L., Chowdhury, F., & Gilson, T. P. (2022). Notes from the Field: Trends in Gabapentin Detection and Involvement in Drug Overdose Deaths - 23 States and the District of Columbia, 2019-2020. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 71(19), 664–666. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7119a3
Myhre, M., Jacobsen, H. B., Andersson, S., & Stubhaug, A. (2019). Cognitive Effects of Perioperative Pregabalin: Secondary Exploratory Analysis of a Randomized Placebo-controlled Study. Anesthesiology, 130(1), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000002473
Peckham, A. M., Evoy, K. E., Covvey, J. R., Ochs, L., Fairman, K. A., & Sclar, D. A. (2018). Predictors of Gabapentin Overuse With or Without Concomitant Opioids in a Commercially Insured U.S. Population. Pharmacotherapy, 38(4), 436–443. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.2096
Tharp, A. M., Hobron, K., & Wright, T. (2019). Gabapentin-related Deaths: Patterns of Abuse and Postmortem Levels. Journal of forensic sciences, 64(4), 1105–1111. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.14021
Verret, M., Lauzier, F., Zarychanski, R., Perron, C., Savard, X., Pinard, A. M., … & Canadian Perioperative Anesthesia Clinical Trials (PACT) Group (2020). Perioperative Use of Gabapentinoids for the Management of Postoperative Acute Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Anesthesiology, 133(2), 265–279. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000003428
Muscle Relaxants
Agarwal, S. D., & Landon, B. E. (2019). Patterns in Outpatient Benzodiazepine Prescribing in the United States. JAMA network open, 2(1), e187399. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7399
Cashin, A. G., Folly, T., Bagg, M. K., Wewege, M. A., Jones, M. D., Ferraro, M. C., … & McAuley, J. H. (2021). Efficacy, acceptability, and safety of muscle relaxants for adults with non-specific low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 374, n1446. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1446
Chukwulebe, S. B., Kim, H. S., McCarthy, D. M., Courtney, D. M., Lank, P. M., Gravenor, S. J., & Dresden, S. M. (2019). Potentially Inappropriate Medication Prescriptions for Older Adults with Painful Conditions and Association with Return Emergency Department Visits. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67(4), 719–725. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15722
Li, Y., Delcher, C., Wei, Y. J., Reisfield, G. M., Brown, J. D., Tighe, P., & Winterstein, A. G. (2020). Risk of Opioid Overdose Associated With Concomitant Use of Opioids and Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 108(1), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.1807
Muzaale, A. D., Daubresse, M., Bae, S., Chu, N. M., Lentine, K. L., Segev, D. L., & McAdams-DeMarco, M. (2020). Benzodiazepines, Codispensed Opioids, and Mortality among Patients Initiating Long-Term In-Center Hemodialysis. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 15(6), 794–804. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.13341019
Opioids:
Agnoli, A., Xing, G., Tancredi, D. J., Magnan, E., Jerant, A., & Fenton, J. J. (2021). Association of Dose Tapering With Overdose or Mental Health Crisis Among Patients Prescribed Long-term Opioids. JAMA, 326(5), 411–419. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.11013
Bialas, P., Maier, C., Klose, P., & Häuser, W. (2020). Efficacy and harms of long-term opioid therapy in chronic non-cancer pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis of open-label extension trials with a study duration ≥26 weeks. European journal of pain (London, England), 24(2), 265–278. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1496
Busse, J. W., Wang, L., Kamaleldin, M., Craigie, S., Riva, J. J., Montoya, L., … Guyatt, G. H. (2018). Opioids for Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA, 320(23), 2448–2460. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.18472
Davis, M. P., Digwood, G., Mehta, Z., & McPherson, M. L. (2020). Tapering opioids: a comprehensive qualitative review. Annals of palliative medicine, 9(2), 586–610. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm.2019.12.10
Kane, C. M., Mulvey, M. R., Wright, S., Craigs, C., Wright, J. M., & Bennett, M. I. (2018). Opioids combined with antidepressants or antiepileptic drugs for cancer pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Palliative medicine, 32(1), 276–286. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216317711826
Khan, F., & Mehan, A. (2021). Addressing opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hypersensitivity: Recent developments and future therapeutic strategies. Pharmacology research & perspectives, 9(3), e00789. https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.789
Kiang, M. V., Humphreys, K., Cullen, M. R., & Basu, S. (2020). Opioid prescribing patterns among medical providers in the United States, 2003-17: retrospective, observational study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 368, l6968. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l6968
Megale, R. Z., Deveza, L. A., Blyth, F. M., Naganathan, V., Ferreira, P. H., McLachlan, A. J., & Ferreira, M. L. (2018). Efficacy and Safety of Oral and Transdermal Opioid Analgesics for Musculoskeletal Pain in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials. The journal of pain, 19(5), 475.e1–475.e24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2017.12.001
Pask, S., Dell'Olio, M., Murtagh, F., & Boland, J. W. (2020). The Effects of Opioids on Cognition in Older Adults With Cancer and Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Systematic Review. Journal of pain and symptom management, 59(4), 871–893.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.10.022
Wilton, J., Abdia, Y., Chong, M., Karim, M. E., Wong, S., MacInnes, A., … & Purssell, R. (2021). Prescription opioid treatment for non-cancer pain and initiation of injection drug use: large retrospective cohort study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 375, e066965. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-066965
Yoshikawa, A., Ramirez, G., Smith, M. L., Foster, M., Nabil, A. K., Jani, S. N., & Ory, M. G. (2020). Opioid Use and the Risk of Falls, Fall Injuries and Fractures among Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 75(10), 1989–1995. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa038
Interventional Approaches:
Albrecht, D. S., Ahmed, S. U., Kettner, N. W., Borra, R., Cohen-Adad, J., Deng, H., … & Zhang, Y. (2018). Neuroinflammation of the spinal cord and nerve roots in chronic radicular pain patients. Pain, 159(5), 968–977. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001171
Belk, J. W., Kraeutler, M. J., Houck, D. A., Goodrich, J. A., Dragoo, J. L., & McCarty, E. C. (2021). Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Hyaluronic Acid for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. The American journal of sports medicine, 49(1), 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546520909397
Deer, T. R., Esposito, M. F., McRoberts, W. P., Grider, J. S., Sayed, D., Verrills, P., Lamer, T. J., Hunter, C. W., Slavin, K. V., Shah, J. M., Hagedorn, J. M., Simopoulos, T., Gonzalez, D. A., Amirdelfan, K., Jain, S., Yang, A., Aiyer, R., Antony, A., Azeem, N., Levy, R. M., … Mekhail, N. (2020). A Systematic Literature Review of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Therapies for the Treatment of Pain. Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 21(8), 1590–1603. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa030
Do, T. P., Heldarskard, G. F., Kolding, L. T., Hvedstrup, J., & Schytz, H. W. (2018). Myofascial trigger points in migraine and tension-type headache. The journal of headache and pain, 19(1), 84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-018-0913-8
Duarte, R. V., Nevitt, S., Maden, M., Meier, K., Taylor, R. S., Eldabe, S., & de Vos, C. C. (2021). Spinal cord stimulation for the management of painful diabetic neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient and aggregate data. Pain, 162(11), 2635–2643. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002262
Forsythe, B., Lavoie-Gagne, O., Patel, B. H., Lu, Y., Ritz, E., Chahla, J., Okoroha, K. R., Allen, A. A., & Nwachukwu, B. U. (2021). Efficacy of Arthroscopic Surgery in the Management of Adhesive Capsulitis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association, 37(7), 2281–2297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2020.09.041
Helm Ii, S., Harmon, P. C., Noe, C., Calodney, A. K., Abd-Elsayed, A., Knezevic, N. N., & Racz, G. B. (2021). Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Safety. Pain physician, 24(S1), S209–S232.
Li, G., Zhang, Y., Tian, L., & Pan, J. (2021). Radiofrequency ablation reduces pain for knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. International journal of surgery (London, England), 91, 105951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.105951
McNicol, E., Ferguson, M., Bungay, K., Rowe, E. L., Eldabe, S., Gewandter, J. S., … & Thomson, S. (2021). Systematic Review of Research Methods and Reporting Quality of Randomized Clinical Trials of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Pain. The journal of pain, 22(2), 127–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2020.05.001
Mekhail, N., Visnjevac, O., Azer, G., Mehanny, D. S., Agrawal, P., & Foorsov, V. (2018). Spinal Cord Stimulation 50 Years Later: Clinical Outcomes of Spinal Cord Stimulation Based on Randomized Clinical Trials-A Systematic Review. Regional anesthesia and pain medicine, 43(4), 391–406. https://doi.org/10.1097/AAP.0000000000000744
Pron, G., Hwang, M., Smith, R., Cheung, A., & Murphy, K. (2022). Cost-effectiveness studies of vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral fractures: a systematic review. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society, 22(8), 1356–1371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2022.02.013
Rigoard, P., Basu, S., Desai, M., Taylor, R., Annemans, L., Tan, Y., Johnson, M. J., Van den Abeele, C., North, R., & PROMISE Study Group (2019). Multicolumn spinal cord stimulation for predominant back pain in failed back surgery syndrome patients: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Pain, 160(6), 1410–1420. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001510
Roldan, C. J., Osuagwu, U., Cardenas-Turanzas, M., & Huh, B. K. (2020). Normal Saline Trigger Point Injections vs Conventional Active Drug Mix for Myofascial Pain Syndromes. The American journal of emergency medicine, 38(2), 311–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2019.158410
Sanli, I., van Kuijk, S., de Bie, R. A., van Rhijn, L. W., & Willems, P. C. (2020). Percutaneous cement augmentation in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) in the elderly: a systematic review. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 29(7), 1553–1572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-020-06391-x